PREVIOUS EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

This section contains all the questions appeared in the previous final examinations.

UNIT 1

UNIT 2

1. (a) Give some important points while using return statement.
   (b) Write short notes on scope of a variable. [8+8 marks]
   
2. What is the advantage of using functions. Write a 'C' program to explain about built in functions with an example. [16]
   
3. (a) Write short notes on auto and static storage classes.
   (b) Write short notes on call by reference . [8+8 marks]
   
4. Write a program to find sum of given series by using function with argument and return value e = 2 + 3/1! - 6/2! + 9/3! - 12/4! .....! [16]
   
5. Write a program to evaluate the equation s = sqr(m() + n() ) using function. [16 marks]
   
6. How automatic and static variables are used in different blocks. Explain with a program. [16]
   
7. Write a program to find sum of given series by using function with argument and return value e = 2 + 3/1! - 6/2! + 9/3! - 12/4! .....! [16]
   
8. What is a function ? What are the di erent types of functions? Explain function with no argument and no return type with an example. [16]
   
9. (a) Write a program to demonstrate passing an array argument to a function. Consider the problem of finding largest of N numbers defined in an array.
   (b) Write a recursive function power (base, exponent) that when invoked returns base exponent. [8+8 marks]
   
11. (a) Distinguish between user defined and built-in functions.
    (b) What is meant by function prototype. Give an example function prototype.[8+8 marks]
    
12. (a) Distinguish between getchar and scanf functions for reading strings.
    (b) Write a program to count the number of words, lines and characters in a text.[8+8 marks]
    
13. (a) What do you mean by functions? Give the structure of the functions and explain about the arguments and their return values.
    (b) Write a C program that uses a function to sort an array of integers. [8+8 marks]
    

UNIT 3

1. Explain an array , array declaration and features of array. [16 marks] (May/June 2008-SET 1 & 2)
2. Explain call by value and call by reference and nesting of function. [16 marks] (May/June 2008-SET 2)
   OR
   Explain in detail about pass by values and pass by reference. Explain with a sample program. [8 marks] (April/May 2003-SET 1)
3. Write a program to swap the contents of given variable. [16 marks] (May/June 2008-SET 3)
4. (a) Write short notes on pointer to void.
   (b) Write short notes on Address Arithmetic. [8+8 marks] (May/June 2008-SET 3)
5. Define Multi dimensional array with an example. [16 marks] (May/June 2008-SET 4)
6. Write short notes on pointers. [16 marks] (May/June 2008-SET 1) (June 2009-SET 1)
7. What is the advantage of using arrays ? Give syntax for declaration, accessing and printing one-dimensional array? [16 marks] (May/June 2008-SET 2)
8. Define an array. What are the different types of arrays. Explain. [16 marks] (May/June 2008-SET 3)
9. Write short notes on call by reference. [8 marks] (May/June 2008-SET 3)
10. How can a list of strings be stored in an two - dimensional array? What library functions are available to simplify string processing? [16 marks] (June 2009-SET 2)
11. Write a program to reverse the strings stored in array of pointers. [16 marks] (June 2009-SET 3)
12. Write a C program to explain call by value and call by reference concept. [10 marks] (June 2009-SET 4)
13. (a) Write a program to accept N numbers and print whether the number is even or odd using array.
    (b) Write short notes on one dimensional array. [10+6 marks] (June 2009-SET 4)
14. (a) Explain how strings can be stored using a multidimensional arrays?
    (b) What are the string in-built functions available? Write in detail about each one of them with an example.
    (c) The names of employees of an organization are stored in three arrays, namely, first name, second name, and last name. Write a program to concatenate the three parts into one string to be called name. [16 marks] (June 2005)
15. (a) Explain the process of declaring and initializing pointers. Give an example.
    (b) Write a C program that uses a pointer as a function argument. [16 marks] (June 2005)
16. Write a C program that uses a function to sort an array of integers. [8 marks] (April/May 2003-SET 2)
17. a) Distinguish between getchar and scanf functions for reading strings.
    b) Write a program to count the number of words, lines and characters in a text. [16 marks] (April/May 2003-SET 3)
18. a) Write a C program to find factorial of a given number using pointers.
    b) Write a C program to arrange the given names in alphabetical order using pointers. [16 marks] (April/May 2003-SET 3)
19. a) In what way array is different from an ordinary variable?
    b) What conditions must be satisfied by the entire elements of any given array?
    c) What are subscripts? How are they written? What restrictions apply to the values that can be assigned to subscripts?
    d) What advantage is there in defining an array size in terms of a symbolic constant rather than a fixed integer quantity?
    e) Write a program to find the largest element in an array. [16 marks] (April/May 2003-SET 4)
20. a) Write a C program using pointer for string comparison.
    b) Write a C program to arrange the given numbers in ascending order using pointers. [16 marks] (April/May 2003-SET 4)

UNIT 4

1. Write a program using structures to display the following information for each customer name, account number, street, city, old balance, current payment, new balance, account status. [16 marks]
   
2. Define Structure and write the general format for declaring and accessing members.[16 marks]
   
3. (a) Write a program to store and print name, address ,rollno using structures.
   (b) What are the differences between structure and unions. Explain [8+8 marks]
   
4. Evaluate complex number using structure and pointer. [16 marks]
   
5. (a) How structure is implemented using arrays? Give an example.
   (b) Compare structure and union. [10+6]
   
6. (a) Differentiate between a structure and union with respective allocation of memory by the compiler. Given an example of each.
   (b) Write a program to read n records of students and find out how many of them have passed. The fields are student's roll no, name, mark and result. Evaluate the result as follows [6+10 marks]
   if markes > 35 then Result = 'Pass' else 'Fail'
7. (a) What are the di erences between Union and Structure.
   (b) Write a program to declare pointer to structure and display the contents of the structure. Define a structure object of book with three fields: title, authorand pages. [6+10 marks]
   
8. (a) What is 'union' in C? How is data stored using union.
   (b) Write a program to pass address of a structure variable to user defined function and display the contents. Use a structure ob ject boy with three fields: name, age and height. [6+10 marks]
   
9. (a) What are Bit fields. What are its advantages. What is its syntax.
   (b) Write a C program to store the information of vehicles. Use bit fields to store the status information. Assume the vehicle object consists of type, fuel and model member fields. Assume appropriate number of bits for each field.[8+8]
   
10. Write a C program to compute the monthly pay of 100 employees using each employee's name, basic-pay. The DA is computed as 52% of the basic pay. Gross-salary (Basic pay+DA). Print the employees name and gross salary. [16 marks]
    
11. (a) Write a C program to illustrate the comparison of structure variables.
    (b) What is the use of a structure? Given an example for a structure with initialized values.[8+8 marks]
    
12. (a) Explain with an example how a structure can be organized in the 'C' language?
    (b) Write a C program to print maximum marks in each subject along with the name of the student by using structures. Take 3 subjects and 3 students records. [8+8]
    
13. (a) Distinguish between an array of structures and an array within a structure. Give an example each.
    (b) Write a C program using structure to create a library catalogue with the following fields; Access number, author's name. Title of the book, year of publication, publisher's name, price. [6+10 marks]
    

UNIT 5

1. Write a program for indexed sequential file for the employee database for the following operation.
   (a) Add Record
   (b) Delete Record
   (c) Search Record based on the department [16 marks]
   
2. Write a program to read the following data , to find the value of each item and display the contents of the file.[16 marks]
   Item Code Price Quantity
   Pen 101 Rs. 20 5
   Pencil 103 Rs. 3 100
   
3. . What is the purpose of library function feof() ? How feof() be utilized within a program that updates an unformatted data file. Explain [16 marks]
   
4. Describe types of files with an example . [16 marks]
   
5. Write a program to read series of digits and store them into a file, then read the numbers from the file and write all odd & even numbers into di erent files. [16]
   
6. (a) Write the syntax for opening a file with various modes and closing a file.
   (b) Explain about file handling functions . [8+8]
   
7. What do you mean by binary files explain with an example. [16 marks]
   
8. (a) Write the syntax for opening a file with various modes and closing a file.
   (b) Explain about file handling functions . [8+8 marks]
   
9. Write a C program to read a text file and to count
   (a) number of characters,
   (b) number of words and
   (c) number of sentences and write in an output file. [16 marks]
   
10. Write a C program to replace every 5th character of the data file, using fseek( ) command. [16]
    
11. Write a program to read a C program file and count the following in the complete C program
    (a) Total number of statements
    (b) Total number of opening brackets. [8+8 marks]
    
12. Write a C program to read information about the student record containing student's name, student's age and student's total marks. Write the marks of each student in an output file. [16 marks]
    
13. (a) How does an append mode differs from a write mode.
    (b) Compare between printf and fprint f functions.
    (c) Write a program to copy upto 100 characters from a file to an output array.
    
14. (a) Write a C program to read last 'n' characters of the file using appropriate file function.
    (b) Write a C program to read a text file and convert the file contents in capital (upper-case) and write the contents in a output file. [16 marks]
    
(a) Distinguish between text mode and binary mode operation of a file.
(b) Write a program to open a pre-existing file and add information at the end of file. Display the contents of the file before and after appending. [4+12 marks]

UNIT 6

1. What do you mean by sorting? Mention the di erent types of sorting, give some examples and explain any one indetail. [16 marks]
   
2. Compare the advantage and disadvantage of bubble, insertion and selection sort.
   
3. Write a program to sort the elements whose worst and average case are O(n log n).[16 marks]
   
4. Write a program to explain selection sort . Which type of technique does it belong.[16 marks]
   
5. Write a program to explain selection sort . Which type of technique does it belong.[16 marks]
   
6. Write a program to sort the elements whose worst case is O(n2) and average case is O(n log n). [16 marks]
   
7. (a) Explain selection sort indetail.
   (b) Explain bubble sort indetail. [8+8]
   
8. Write an algorithm for routine merge(x,lb1,ub1,ub2) that assumes that x[lb1] through x[ub1] and x[ub1 + 1] through x[ub2] are sorted and merges the two into x[lb1] through x[ub2]. [16 marks]
   
9. (a) Explain Quick sort with algorithm.
   (b) Analyse the worst case performance of Quick sort and compare with Selection sort.[8+8 marks]
   
10. (a) Write a C program to sort the elements of an array using Quick sort with suitable example.
    (b) What is the worst case and best case time complexity of the above program?
    
11. Write an algorithm for quick sort. What is its time complexity. [16 marks]
    
12. (a) Write an algorithm for selection sort
    (b) Sort the following numbers using selection sort and give the required steps.
    96,31,27,42,34,76,61,10,4 [8+8]
    
13. (a) Using linear search delete the number 26 from the list of numbers and give the steps.
    10,7,17,26,32,92
    (b) Write a C program to implement the same. [8+8 marks]
    
14. (a) Distinguish between linear and binary search methods.
    (b) Write an algorithm for non-recursive binary search method. [8+8 marks]
    
15. (a) Write a C program to sort the elements of an array using bubble sort technique with a suitable example.
    (b) What is the worst case and best case time complexity of bubble sort? [10+6 marks]
    
16. (a) Write a C program to sort given integers using partition exchange sort.
    (b) Derive the time complexity of partition exchange sort. [8+8]
    
17. Write a C program that searches a value in a stored array using binary search. What is the time complexity of binary search? [16 marks]
    
18. (a) Write a C program to merge two sorted arrays of integers.
    (b) Derive the time complexity of merge sort. [8+8 marks]
    
19. (a) Write and explain non-recursive algorithm for binary search with suitable example and discuss the various time complexities of binary search.
    (b) Suppose that the list contains the integers 1,2,8 in this order. Trace through the steps of binary search to determine what comparisons of keys are done in searching.
    i. To lo cate 3
    ii. To lo cate 4.5 [8+8 marks]
    
20. Trace through the steps by hand to sort the following list in Quick sort.
    28 7 39 3 63 13 61 17 50 21 [16 marks]
    

UNIT 7

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of stack ? Write a program to illustrate stack operation ? [16 marks]
2. Give an algorithm / C program to reverse a singly linked circular list inplace. [16 marks]
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of stack ? Write a program to illustrate queue operation ? [16 marks]
4. Compare singly and doubly linked list to perform insertion operation . [16 marks]
5. Write a program to illustrate the various operations of singly linked list . [16 marks]
6. Write a program to delete a node in singly and doubly linked list . [16 marks]
7. Write a C program using pointers to implement Queue with all operation. [16 marks]
8. Write a routine to concatenate two singly linked lists. [16 marks]
9. What is a stack? Explain two di erent representations of a stack. List the operations performed on a stack and write functions for implementing these operations.[16 marks]
10. (a) Write a 'C' Program to convert an infix expression into prefix expression (b) Transform the following expression to prefix, using the approach (A + B) * (C$(D - E) + F) - G [8+8 marks]
11. (a) Mention and explain various types of queues and give an example for each (b) Compare various types of queues. [8+8 marks]
12. Write an algorithm to perform each of the following operations to a linked list. (a) Return the sum of the integers in a list. (b) Return the number of elements in a list. [8+8 marks]
13. Design insertion and deletion algorithms for a doubly linked circular lists. [16 marks]
14. (a) Derive a method to convert a postfix expression into its prefix form (b) Consider the following arithmetic expression in postfix notation: 7 5 2 + * 4 1 5 - / - i. Find the equivalent prefix form of the above . ii. Obtain the computed value of the expression from its postfix notation.[8+4+4 marks]

UNIT 8

1. (a) What is a network? (b) What is a spanning tree? (c) Define minimal spanning tree . (d) What are the various traversals in a tree? [16 marks]
2. Write an algorithm to perform deletion operation in a Binary Search Tree. [16 marks]
3. (a) Define multi graph and graph with self- loop . (b) Explain connected graph with example. [8+8 marks]
4. Explain Kruskal's method of determining the minimal spanning tree. [16 marks]
5. (a) Write a program to swap nodes in a binary tree. (b) Write a program to find min and max nodes in a binary tree. [8+8 marks]
6. Explain binary search tree operations indetail. [16 marks]
7. Explain non-recursive and recursive algorithm for converse in order traversal of binary tree. [16 marks]
8. Write a C program for creating, inserting and deletion in a Binary tree. [16 marks]
9. (a) Describe di erent types of trees. (b) Write a C program to implement Binary tree. [6+10 marks]
10. (a) List and explain about the basic operations on a graph. (b) Write a C program for depth first search of a graph. [7+9 marks]
11. Write a C program for creating, inserting and deletion in a Binary tree. [16 marks]
12. (a) Write C function for minimum spanning tree of a weighted undirected graph (b) Write a C program to implement depth first traversal of graph. [10+6 marks]
13. (a) List and explain about the basic operations on a graph. (b) Write a C program for depth first search of a graph. [7+9 marks]
14. Write and explain the breath first traversal and depth first traversal in a graph with algorithm. [8+8 marks]
15. Write in detail about the following: (a) Depth first search of a graph (b) Minimum spanning trees [8+8 marks]
16. (a) Define graph. Explain the properties of a graph. (b) What is the di erence between strongly connected graph and weakly connected graph? [8+8 marks]