C and DS GLOSSARY
Actual Arguments:
Actual arguments or acutal parameters are the arguments in the functionl call that contains the values to be passed to the function. See 'formal arguments' also.
Algorithm:
Algorithm is a step-by-step process of solving a problem. Algorithm is a sequence of steps to do a task.
ANSI C:
The standard of the C language adopted by American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
Array:
An Array is a variable or data structure that can hold multiple values of the same type.
break:
break is a C statement which causes a 'switch' or loop statement to terminate.
Called Function:
A function in a function call to which the control is passed.
Calling Function:
A function that invokes the function call i.e. a function in which the 'functional call' statement is present.
break:
break is a C statement which causes a 'switch' or loop statement to terminate.
Identifier:
Identifier is a name given to a variable, array or function.
Operator:
Operator is a symbol or C token which is used to perform operations such as arithmetic, assignment, comparision etc on operands.
Pseudocode:
Pseudocode is an algorithm like sequence of steps to solve a problem written using a formal language or a mathematical notation.
Variable:
Variable is a named space in the memory that can hold a data value. The value of a variable may change during the execution of the program.
abs:
Returns the absolute value of an integer
cos :
Calculates cosine
cosh:
Calculates hyperbolic cosine
exp:
Raises the exponential e to the xth power
fabs:
Finds absolute value
floor:
Finds largest integer less than or equal to argument
fmod:
Finds floating-point remainder
hypot:
Calculates hypotenuse of right triangle
log:
Calculates natural logarithm
log10:
Calculates base 10 logarithm
modf :
Breaks down argument into integer and fractional parts
pow:
Calculates a value raised to a power
sin :
Calculates sine
sinh :
Calculates hyperbolic sine
sqrt :
Finds square root
tan :
Calculates tangent
tanh :
Calculates hyperbolic tangent
atof :
Converts string to float
atoi:
Converts string to int
atol:
Converts string to long
ecvt:
Converts double to string
fcvt:
Converts double to string
gcvt:
Converts double to string
itoa:
Converts int to string
ltoa:
Converts long to string
strtod:
Converts string to double
strtol:
Converts string to long integer
strtoul:
Converts string to an unsigned long integer
ultoa:
Converts unsigned long to string
isalnum:
Tests for alphanumeric character
isalpha:
Tests for alphabetic character
isdigit:
Tests for decimal digit
islower:
Tests for lowercase character
isspace:
Tests for white space character
isupper:
Tests for uppercase character
isxdigit:
Tests for hexadecimal digit
tolower:
Tests character and converts to lowercase if uppercase
toupper:
Tests character and converts to uppercase if lowercase
strcat:
Appends one string to another
strchr:
Finds first occurrence of a given character in a string
strcmp :
Compares two strings
strcmpi:
Compares two strings without regard to case
strcpy :
Copies one string to another
strdup :
Duplicates a string
stricmp:
Compares two strings without regard to case (identical to strcmpi)
strlen :
Finds length of a string
strlwr :
Converts a string to lowercase
strncat :
Appends a portion of one string to another
strncmp :
Compares a portion of one string with portion of another string
strncpy :
Copies a given number of characters of one string to another
strnicmp:
Compares a portion of one string with a portion of another without regard to case
strrchr :
Finds last occurrence of a given character in a string
strrev :
Reverses a string
strset :
Sets all characters in a string to a given character
strstr :
Finds first occurrence of a given string in another string
strupr :
Converts a string to uppercase
bsearch :
Performs binary search
lfind :
Performs linear search for a given value
qsort :
Performs quick sort
Close :
Closes a file
fclose :
Closes a file
feof :
Detects end-of-file
fgetc :
Reads a character from a file
fgetchar:
Reads a character from keyboard (function version)
fgets :
Reads a string from a file
fopen :
Opens a file
fprintf:
Writes formatted data to a file
fputc :
Writes a character to a file
fputchar :
Writes a character to screen (function version)
fputs :
Writes a string to a file
fscanf :
Reads formatted data from a file
fseek :
Repositions file pointer to given location
ftell :
Gets current file pointer position
getc :
Reads a character from a file (macro version)
getch :
Reads a character from the keyboard
getche :
Reads a character from keyboard and echoes it
getchar:
Reads a character from keyboard (macro version)
gets :
Reads a line from keyboard
inport :
Reads a two-byte word from the specified I/O port
inportb:
Reads one byte from the specified I/O port
kbhit :
Checks for a keystroke at the keyboard
lseek :
Repositions file pointer to a given location
open :
Opens a file
outport:
Writes a two-byte word to the specified I/O port
outportb:
Writes one byte to the specified I/O port
printf :
Writes formatted data to screen
putc :
Writes a character to a file (macro version)
putch :
Writes a character to the screen
putchar :
Writes a character to screen (macro version)
puts :
Writes a line to file
read :
Reads data from a file
rewind :
Repositions file pointer to beginning of a file
scanf :
Reads formatted data from keyboard
sscanf :
Reads formatted input from a string
sprintf :
Writes formatted output to a string
tell :
Gets current file pointer position
write :
Writes data to a file
remove :
Deletes file
rename :
Renames file
unlink :
Deletes file
chdir :
Changes current working directory
getcwd :
Gets current working directory
fnsplit:
Splits a full path name into its components
findfirst:
Searches a disk directory
findnext:
Continues findfirst search
mkdir :
Makes a new directory
rmdir :
Removes a directory
memchr :
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence, within a specified number of characters, of a given character in the buffer
memcmp :
Compares a specified number of characters from two buffers
memcpy :
Copies a specified number of characters from one buffer to another
memicmp :
Compares a specified number of characters from two buffers without regard to the case of the characters
memmove :
Copies a specified number of characters from one buffer to another
memset :
Uses a given character to initialize a specified number of bytes in the buffer
absread :
Reads absolute disk sectors
abswrite:
Writes absolute disk sectors
biosdisk :
Performs BIOS disk services
getdisk :
Gets current drive number
setdisk :
Sets current disk drive
calloc :
Allocates a block of memory
farmalloc :
Allocates memory from far heap
farfree :
Frees a block from far heap
free :
Frees a block allocated with malloc
malloc :
Allocates a block of memory
realloc :
Reallocates a block of memory
abort :
Aborts a process
atexit :
Executes function at program termination
execl :
Executes child process with argument list
exit :
Terminates the process
spawnl :
Executes child process with argument list
spawnlp :
Executes child process using PATH variable and argument list
system :
Executes an MS-DOS command
arc :
Draws an arc
ellipse :
Draws an ellipse
floodfill :
Fills an area of the screen with the current color
getimage :
Stores a screen image in memory
getlinestyle:
Obtains the current line style
getpixel :
Obtains the pixel’s value
lineto :
Draws a line from the current graphic output position to the specified point
moveto :
Moves the current graphic output position to a specified point
pieslice :
Draws a pie-slice-shaped figure
putimage :
Retrieves an image from memory and displays it
rectangle :
Draws a rectangle
setcolor :
Sets the current color
setlinestyle :
Sets the current line style
putpixel :
Plots a pixel at a specified point
setviewport:
Limits graphic output and positions the logical origin within the limited area
clock :
Returns the elapsed CPU time for a process
difftime :
Computes the difference between two times
ftime :
Gets current system time as structure
strdate :
Returns the current system date as a string
strtime :
Returns the current system time as a string
time :
Gets current system time as long integer
setdate :
Sets DOS date
getdate :
Gets system date
delay :
Suspends execution for an interval (milliseconds)
getenv :
Gets value of environment variable
getpsp :
Gets the Program Segment Prefix
perror :
Prints error message
putenv :
Adds or modifies value of environment variable
random :
Generates random numbers
randomize :
Initializes random number generation with a random value based on time
sound :
Turns PC speaker on at specified frequency
nosound:
Turns PC speaker off
FP_OFF :
Returns offset portion of a far pointer
FP_SEG :
Returns segment portion of a far pointer
getvect :
Gets the current value of the specified interrupt vector
keep :
Installs terminate-and-stay-resident (TSR) programs
int86 :
Issues interrupts
int86x:
Issues interrupts with segment register values
intdos :
Issues interrupt 21h using registers other than DX and AL
intdosx :
Issues interrupt 21h using segment register values
MK_FP :
Makes a far pointer
segread :
Returns current values of segment registers
setvect :
Sets the current value of the specified interrupt vector
The glossary will be updated from time to time.........
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